MCQs From Pathophysiology for B pharmacy (sem 2) student and D Pharmacy (2 nd year) students as per PCI Syllabus | Free MCQs for GPAT and NIPER
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1) Which of the following anemias is associated with splenomegaly?
a) Aplastic anemia
b) Blood loss anemia
c) Sickle cell anemia
d) Iron deficiency anemia
2) Which of the following anemias is associated with leucocytopenia?
a) Aplastic anemia
b) Blood loss anemia
c) Iron deficiency anemia
d) Vit B12 deficiency & folate deficiency anemia
3) Which of the following anemias is associated with Thrombocytopenia?
a) Aplastic anemia
b) Blood loss anemia
c) Iron deficiency anemia
d) Sickle cell anemia
4) Which of the following anemias is associated with nose bleeding?
a) Sickle cell anemia
b) Vit B12 deficiency & folate deficiency anemia
c) Hemolytic anemia
d) Aplastic anemia
5) Which is not a vitamin K dependent factor?
a) Factor X
b) Factor IX
c) Factor VIII
d) Factor II
6) Which of the following is false in hemophilia?
a) Absent factor VIII
b) Prolonged bleeding time
c) Normal prothrombin time
d) Decrease bleeding time
7) The first Step of hemostasis after injury to blood vessels is
a) Formation of platelet plug
b) Vascular spasm
c) Activation of Coagulation Cascade (blood coagulation)
d) Formation of fibrin clot
8) Clot stabilization factor is
a) Factor X
b) Factor IX
c) Factor VIII
d) factor XIII
9) All the following clotting factors found in blood except
a) Factor X
b) Factor IX
c) Factor VII
d) Factor VIII
10) Thromboxane A2 responsible for
a) platelets Adhesion
b) Vasoconstriction
c) Activation of Coagulation cascade
d) Formation of fibrin clot
11)Which of the following anemias in which platelets number is 90,000/mm3?
a) Aplastic anemia
b) Deficiency of vitamin B12 or folic acid
c) Hemolytic anemia
d) Both a , b
e) Both a , c
12) Type of polycythemia that Caused by excessive proliferation of bone marrow
stem cells
a) Relative polycythemia
b) Primary polycythemia
c) Secondary polycythemia
d) Tertiary polycythemia
13) Increasing fluid volume is a rationale treatment for
a) Relative polycythemia
b) Primary polycythemia
c) Secondary polycythemia
d) Tertiary polycythemia
14) Which of the following diseases occurs in vessels that deliver oxygenated blood
to the tissues and organs
a) Atherosclerosis
b) Aneurysm
c) Varicose veins
d) Both a, b
e) Both b, c
15) In atherosclerosis , the most affected artery is
a) Pulmonary artery
b) Coronary artery
c) Hepatic artery
d) Renal artery
16) Risk factors for development of atherosclerosis is
a) increase serum level of LDL
b) decrease serum level of LDL
c) increase serum level of HDL
d) None of the above
17) Foam cells are
a) Monocytes
b) Monocytes phagocytize lipoproteins
c) Macrophages
18) Manifestations of atherosclerosis are
a) Ischemia
b) Aneurysm
c) Emboli
d) None of the above
e) All of the above
19) Swelling in the wall of an artery is ...., while in the wall of vein is
.....respectively
a) Aneurysm , Varicose veins
b) Aneurysm , Venous thrombus
c) Varicose veins , Aneurysm
d) Atherosclerosis , Varicose veins
20) For many patients with DVT the first manifestation of the thrombus is
a) Myocardial ischemia
b) Angina
c) Pulmonary embolism
d) Renal embolism
21) Silent Myocardial infarction can occurs in
a) Hypertensive patient
b) Hypotensive patient
c) Diabetic patient
d) None of the above
e) All of the above
22) Release of myocardial enzymes such as ............... in Myocardial infarction
a) creatine phosphokinase
b) lactate dehydrogenase
c) both a , b
d) none of the above
23) Cardiogenic shock in Myocardial infarction occurs due to
a) Right sided heart failure
b) Left sided heart failure
c) Both a , b
d) none of the above
24) All the following are Compensatory Mechanisms for myocardial infarction
except
a) Activation of renin-angiotensin system
b) Ventricular hypertrophy
c) Decrease aldosterone
d) Increase Adrenaline release
25) Vasodilator drugs in Treatment for Myocardial infarction
a) Morphine
b) Low-dose Aspirin
c) Propranolol (Beta-Blockers)
d) Nitroglycerin
26) For reduce the overall size of the infarction we use
a) High dose of aspirin
b) Low dose of aspirin
c) Morphine
d) None of the above
27) All the following are causes of Secondary hypertension except
a) Renal artery stenosis
b) Hyperaldosteronism
c) Pheochromocytoma
d) Enhanced parasympathetic activity
28) All the following are risk factors of primary hypertension except
a) Low dietary intake of potassium
b) Increasing age
c) Hyperinsulinemia
d) low dietary salt intake
29) All the following are Manifestations of essential hypertension on heart except
a) left ventricular hypertrophy
b) arrhythmia
c) congestive heart failure
d) decreased afterload
30) All the following are true about kidney in primary hypertension except
a) renal injury is worsened in patients with diabetes
b) activation of the renin-angiotensin system
c) renal failure
d) increased renal blood flow
31) All the following are classes for treatment of hypertension except
a) β –Blockers
b) Diuretics
c) ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitors
d) Aspirin
32) All the following are true about Malignant hypertension except
a) Occurs in patients with chronic essential hypertension
b) Blood pressure is greater than 120 to 130 mmHg diastolic pressure
c) Cause damage to the retina or kidneys and lead to cerebral edema and stroke
d) Treated with powerful oral vasodilators
33) Causes of orthostatic hypotension are
a) Autonomic nervous defects
b) Prolonged bed rest
c) Drug-induced(antihypertensive drugs, calcium channel blockers, vasodilators)
d) Decreased blood of fluid volume
e) All of the above
f) None of the above
34) Manifestations of Orthostatic hypotension except
a) Dizziness (syncopy)
b) Reduced brain blood flow
c) Falls and injuries, particularly in young individuals
d) Pooling of blood in the extremities
35) All the following are Diagnosis of Myocardial Ischemia except
a) Nuclear imaging
b) Cardiac catheterization
c) Holter monitoring
d) Level of creatine phosphokinase in blood
36) Type of angina which takes aspirin as prophylactic
a) stable angina
b) Unstable angina
c) Variant angina
d) exertional angina
37) All of the following are true about consequences of
atherosclerosis except:
a) Rupture of fibrous plaque
b) Myocardial infarction & ischemic strokes
c) Tumor formation
d) Weakening of the vessel causing (aneurysm)
38) Regarding varicose veins:
a) Occur due to valvular incompetence
b) Affect the long standing professionals
c) The veins become distended due to pooling of blood
d) All of the above
39) Regarding thrombosis:
a) Occurs in arteries more than veins
b) Occurs as a result of hyperemia (increase in blood flow)
c) More dangerous in deep veins than superficial ones
d) None of the above
40) Increase creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase
concentration in blood is a marker of:
a) Kidney failure
b) Respiratory failure
c) Angina
d) Myocardial infarction
41) Insluinoma can cause the following symptoms except:
a) Sweating
b) Drowsiness
c) Dehydration
d) Drowsiness
42) Earliest changes observed by ophthalmoscope in background retinopathy of
diabetes is
a) Venous dilation
b) Micro aneurysms
c) Increased capillary permeability
d) Exudates
43) Insulin secretion is increased by
a) Adrenaline
b) Glucagon
c) Gastrin
d) Cortisol
44) Insulin do the following except
a) Increase Glycogenesis
b) Increase lysis
c) Decrease Glycogenolysis
d) Increase uptake of glucose
45) Symptoms of Diabetes insipidus are the following except
a) Dehydration
b) extreme thirst
c) decrease fluid intake
d) polydipsia
46) hypo secretion of ADH can cause
a) Diabetes insipidus
b) Diabetes mellitus
c) Gestational diabetes
47) Type of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy
a) Diabetes mellitus type 1
b) Diabetes mellitus type 2
c) Gestational diabetes
d) Diabetes insipidus
48) All the following features belonged to type 1 diabetes except
a) deficiency or absence of insulin
b) destruction of ß islet cells
c) Most common form of diabetes
d) IDDM
49) All the following features belonged to type 2 diabetes except
a) Most patients are obese
b) There is insulin resistance
c) NIDDM
d) Treated with insulin
50) All the following can cause polyuria except
a) Glycosuria
b) Ketonuria
c) Increase vasopressin
d) Decrease vasopressin
51)In diabetes mellitus ,level of glucose in blood becomes ........renal threshold of
kidney
a) Higher than
b) Lower than
c) Equal to
d) None of the above
52) In ketoacidosis
a) Blood pH = 7.4
b) pH >7
c) pH < 7
d) none of the above
53) Consequences of ketoacidosis are the following except
a) decrease excretion of Co2
b) Loss of consciousness
c) high plasma osmotic pressure
d) high urine osmotic pressure
54) In DKA, polyuria is caused by
a) Glycosuria
b) Ketonuria
c) Both a , b
d) None of the above
55) factors that predispose development of hyperglycemic coma in either type
diabetes include
a) High blood osmotic pressure
b) Hypovolaemia
c) Acidosis
d) None of the above
e) All of the above
56) Hypoglycemic coma caused by
a) overdose of insulin
b) increased carbohydrate absorption
c) An insulin-secreting tumor
d) All of the above
57)All the following are long term complications of diabetes mellitus except
a) Diabetic macroangiopathy
b) Diabetic microangiopathy
c) Infection
d) Coma
58) Diabetic microangiopathy occurs in all the following except
a) Arterioles
b) Arteries
c) Capillaries
d) Venules
59) Diabetic foot is caused by
a) Infection
b) peripheral neuropathy
c) Pyelonephritis
d) Both a , b
e) Both b , c
f) Both a , c
60) All the following are Physiological effects of thyroid hormones except
a) decreased cholesterolemia
b) increases number of β2-adrenergic receptors
c) promote normal brain development in childhood
d) increase of carbohydrate absorption
62) Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism are the following except
a) Increased metabolic rate
b) Voracious appetite but weight loss
c) Cold intolerance signs
d) Tachycardia
63) For Laboratory findings of Hyperthyroidism are the following except
a) Elevated serum T3 , T4
b) Suppressed serum TSH
c) Increased cholesterol level
d) increased radioiodine uptake by thyroid gland
64) cause of hyperthyroidism which associated with transient release of stored
hormones
a) Grave's disease
b) Follicular adenoma
c) Hashimoto's thyroiditis
d) Pituitary adenoma
65) Disease occurs due to deficiency of thyroid hormone in childhood
a) Hashimoto's disease
b) Grave's disease
c) Cretinism
d) Myxedema
66) All the following are acquired causes for Hypothyroidism except
a) Hashimoto's thyroiditis
b) Severe iodine deficiency
c) Aplasia of thyroid gland
d) External beam radiation
67) Symptoms of Hypothyroidism are the following except
a) Cold intolerance
b) Constipation
c) Weight loss
d) Loss of appetite
68) Compensatory mechanism of thyroid gland that makes goiter due to
a) High content of sea food
b) High iodine in food
c) Low sea food in nutrition
d) Normal iodine in food
69) Cortisol Suppresses all immune responses with exception of increased number of
a) Eosinophil
b) Basophil
c) Neutrophil
d) Osmophill
70) Overproduction of glucocorticoids due to increasing production of ACTH
a) Cushing's syndrome
b) Cushing's disease
c) Conn's syndrome
d) Addison disease
71)All the following are Clinical manifestations of Cushing's except
a) Steroid (secondary) diabetes mellitus
b) moon face
c) infertility in males
d) Osteoporosis
72) Hyperaldosteronism due to decreased metabolism of aldosterone caused by
a) Renin-secreting tumors
b) Oral contraceptives
c) Cirrhosis
d) Diuretic ingestion
73. Bronchiectasis is ............. abnormal dilatation of bronchi and bronchioles
a) Reversible
b) Irreversible
74. Bronchiectasis can cause .........
a) Right side heart failure
b) left side heart failure
75. two main types of Emphysema is ...........and............(choose 2)
a) Panacinar
b) Centrilobular
c) Interstitial
76. Predisposing factors of Panacinar emphysema are ........
a) Cigarette smoking
b) Congenital deficiency of an antiproteolytic enzyme
c) Acute inflammation of bronchi and lungs
d) None of the above
e) All of the above
77. Irreversible dilatation of the respiratory bronchioles
a) Centrilobular emphysema
b) Panacinar emphysema
c) Interstitial
78. Interstitial emphysema, small quantity of air can cause ..........
a) no damage
b) limit heart movement
79. Presence of air from outside in the thoracic interstitial tissues caused by
a) asthmatic attack
b) stab wound
c) coughing as in whooping cough
80. COPD is most commonly caused by
a) NSAID
b) tobacco smoke
c) alcohol
81. COPD different from asthma in .......
a) Reversible
b) Increase severity overtime
82. In chronic bronchitis, cough must last for ........
a) more than three months a year for more than two years
b) more than five months a year for more than two years
c) more than three months a year for more than three years
83. In the advanced stages of COPD, shortness of breath occurs during ....
a) Rest
b) Exercise
84. Some people with advanced COPD do manage to breathe fast to compensate, but
usually have
a) Headaches
b) shortness of breath
c) drowsiness
d) heart failure
85.Jaundice appears when plasma bilirubin exceeds
a) 50 μmol/l
b) 3 μmol/l
c) 17 μmol/l
d) 10 μmol/l
86. Hemolysis is the main cause of .........jaundice
a) Hepatic
b) Pre-hepatic
c) Post-hepatic
87. Kernicterus occurs in ........
a) Neonates
b) Adults
c) All ages
88. In Pre-hepatic jaundice , ............increases
a) Unconjugated bilirubin
b) conjugated bilirubin
c) both
89. Congenital hyperbilirubinemias is called
a) Mallory wiess syndrome
b) Gilbert's syndrome
c) Van Geison syndrome
90. In cases where there is biliary obstruction, whether intra- or extra-hepatic, the
patient has what is called
a) cholestatic jaundice
b) hepatocellular jaundice
91.A failure of adequate amounts of bile to reach the duodenum
a) Hepatitis
b) Cholestasis
c) Jaundice
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