Pharmacognosy Part 2 (51-100)
This blog title refers to a resource that provides chapter-wise Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) on Pharmacognosy as per the Pharmacy Council of India (PCI) syllabus. The content is aimed at helping students prepare for various pharmacy exams, including GPAT, NIPER, RRB, and DI exams. Pharmacognosy is the study of medicinal drugs derived from natural sources, such as plants, animals, and minerals. The chapter-wise format of the MCQs ensures that students can systematically test their knowledge and understanding of key topics, thereby increasing their chances of success in these exams. This resource is an ultimate guide that enables students to master Pharmacognosy and achieve their academic and career goals.
51. Which of the following types of compounds are the capsaicinoids?
A) Monoterpenes
B) Pseudoalkaloids
C) Carotenoids
D) Protoalkaloids
E) Anthocyans
52. Which of the following is the medical use of common fumitory?
A) decreasing high blood pressure
B) relieving joint pain
C) enhancing bile synthesis and excretion
D) promotion of wound healing
E) antipyretic
53. The basic structure of Boldi folium alkaloids is...
A) indole
B) piperidine
C) morphinan
D) aporphine
E) isoquinoline
54. Vinpocetine (Cavinton®) is a semi-synthetic derivative of the main active compound of which of the following plants?
A) Rhamnus frangula
B) Pulmonaria officinalis
C) Catharanthus roseus
D) Vinca minor
E) Berberis vulgaris
55. To which of the following types of compound does taxol belong?
A) Diterpene alkaloid
B) Steroidal alkaloid
C) Sesquiterpene
D) Lignan
E) Triterpene
56. Which of the following statements relating to the traditional herbal medicinal products is false?
A) Attributing a preventive or curative effect to these products is forbidden
B) They contain one or more herbal substances, preparations or their combination as active
agents.
C) The products may also contain vitamins and minerals
D) Their authorization is possible via abridged registration
E) They can be distributed in pharmacies
57. Which of the following types of medicines was developed from the alkaloid camtothecin,
isolated from Camptotheca acuminata?
A) Antidiabetic
B) Anticancer
C) Hypotensive
D) Anti-inflammatory
E) Antiarrhythmic
58. Which of the following types of medicines was developed from galegine, isolated from Galega
officinalis?
A) Antidiabetic
B) Anticancer
C) Hypotensive
D) Anti-inflammatory
E) Antiarrhythmic
59. Which of the following is the advantage of collecting medical herbs from their natural habitat?
A) The whole process (culturing, harvesting, etc.) can be controlled
B) The appropriate harvesting and quality can be guaranteed
C) The stock is homogeneous
D) No culturing costs are involved
E) The properties of the plants can be modified by cross-breeding
60. Which of the following groups of compounds consists of primary metabolites?
A) Alkaloids
B) Lignans
C) Flavonoids
D) Iridoids
E) Carbohydrates
61. Which of the following structural features is characteristic of saponins?
A) Their skeleton may be built up from 10, 15, 20 or 30 carbon atoms
B) They are triterpene glycosides
C) They are glycosides with aromatic rings
D) They are heterocyclic molecules containing sulphur.
E) They are mineral salts of fatty acids.
62. The essential oil of Melissa officinalis is sometimes falsified with the essential oil of...:
A) Cymbopogon winterianus
B) Citrus aurantium
C) Hyssopus officinalis
D) Commiphora molmol
E) Citrus limon
63. Flavonoids such as ... are able to decrease the permeability of the capillaries.
A) liquiritin and isoliquiritin
B) apigenin and luteolin
C) genistein and ononin
D) silybin and silychristin
E) hesperidin and rutin
64. Which of the following types of components are used in photochemotherapy (PUVA)?
A) Anthrone glycosides
B) Dimeric coumarins
C) Furanocoumarins
D) Quinoline alkaloids
E) Phloroglucine derivatives
65. Which of the following is the tetracyclic oxindole alkaloid of Uncariae tomentosae radix?
A) Pteropodine
B) Mitraphylline
C) Speciophylline
D) Rinchophylline
E) Theophylline
66. As defined by the European Pharmacopoeia, which of the following are herbal drugs?
A) Processed plants, plant or animal parts that are mainly used in the fresh state, or sometimes
after drying
B) Mainly unprocessed, whole or ground plants, algae, fungi or lichen, which are particularly
used after drying or sometimes in the fresh state
C) Generally herbal products, prepared by different methods such as extraction, distillation,
extrusion, fractionation, concentration or fermentation
D) Plant species used as therapeutic agents to influence the functions of the human body
E) Medical herbs used as therapeutic agents to influence the functions of the human body
67. Chromatography on normal-phase silica gel is based on which of the following
physicochemical processes?
A) Distribution
B) Adsorption
C) Ion exchange
D) Antigen-antibody interaction
E) Thermal interaction
68. Which of the following chromatographic techniques always use forced flow?
A) Rotation planar chromatography
B) Gel-filtration chromatography
C) Thin-layer chromatography
D) Ion-exchange chromatography
E) Two-dimensional chromatography
69. Which of the following is the definition of chromatographic Rf (retention factor) value?
A) The distance that a particular compound moves from the start
B) The distance between the start and the solvent front
C) The distance that a particular compound moves divided by the distance of the solvent front
from the start
D) The distance travelled by the solvent front from the start divided by the distance that a
particular compound moves
E) The distance of the compound from the solvent front divided by the distance of the solvent
front
70. Which of the following is the shape of maize starch grains?
A) Oval
B) Round
C) Polygonal, with a central triangular or 2 to 5 stellate cleft hilum
D) Triangular
E) Dumbbell
71. Which of the following processes can be used to prepare an extract rich in polysaccharides
from linseed?
A) From grained drug with water
B) From grained drug with alcohol
C) From whole seeds with hot water
D) From whole seeds with diluted alcohol
E) From whole seeds with organic solvents
72. Which of the following is characteristic of mucilages?
A) They can be extracted from the drug with water
B) They undergo hydrolysis to monosaccharide units upon boiling
C) They can be precipitated with alcohol
D) They give a viscous solution with water
E) They can be precipitated with heavy metal ions
73. Which of the following is the main method for the preparation of fixed oils used in medicine?
A) Heating the drug with organic solvents
B) Extraction with water
C) Cold extrusion
D) Warm extrusion
E) Distillation
74. Flavonoids can be detected with reactions based on complex formation. Which of the following
substituents on the flavone skeleton prevent this?
A) -OH on C5 (e.g. apigenin)
B) -OH on C3 and C5 (e.g. quercetin)
C) -O-galactoside on C5 and -OH on C3 (e.g. hyperoside)
D) -OCH3 on C5 and no –OH on C3 (e.g. nobiletin)
E) -OH on C5 and -O-rutinoside on C3 (e.g. rutin)
75. Which of the following forms are alkaloids mainly present in plants?
A) Esters of mineral acids
B) Salts of mineral acids
C) Free bases
D) Esters of organic acids
E) Hydrochlorides
76. In which of the following ways can alkaloids be extracted from plants in salt form?
A) Warming with organic solvents
B) Boiling with aqueous ammonium hydroxide
C) Shaking with acidified water at room temperature or above
D) Warming with lead acetate and water
E) Shaking with acidified organic solvents
77. With which of the following tests can the alkaloids of deadly nightshade be identified?
A) The Marquis test
B) The Thalleioquin test
C) With cc. HNO3
D) The Grahe test
E) The Vitali test
78. In which of the following ways is Lavandulae aetheroleum prepared?
A) Warm extrusion
B) Extraction with organic solvent
C) Warm extrusion
D) Enzyme reaction followed by extraction
E) Steam distillation
79. Which of the following is a suitable reagent for the TLC detection of carvone?
A) iodine vapour + starch solution
B) dimethylaminobenzaldehyde solution
C) vanillin-sulphuric acid
D) 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine
E) 3,5-Dinitrobenzoic acid + alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution
80. Which of the following does the hemolytic index indicate:
A) The di- and sesquiterpene content of volatile oils
B) The saponin content of the drugs
C) The steroid content of the drugs
D) The aliphatic monoterpene content of volatile oils
E) The tannin content of the drugs
81. Which of the following reagents is suitable for the detection of the cardioactive glycosides of
Digitalis purpureae folium?
A) 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine
B) Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde solution
C) Potassium hydroxide solution
D) Iodine vapour + starch solution
E) 3,5-Dinitrobenzoic acid + sodium hydroxide solution
82. With which of the following methods can the anthraquinone derivative content of a drug be
detected:
A) Upon warming of the extract with glacial acetic acid a red precipitate is formed
B) After extraction of the drug with organic solvent and mixing with diluted ammonium
hydroxide solution, the separating alkaline phase shows a reddish-orange or red colour
C) The aqueous extract of the drug gives a blue precipitate with lead acetate
D) The aqueous extract of the drug forms a green complex with cc. sulphuric acid
E) The organic solvent extract of the drug gives a yellow precipitate with a mixture of dilute
hydrochloric acid and chlorogen
83. Which of the following methods is specified by the European Pharmacopoeia for quantification
of the anthraquinone glycoside content of drugs?
A) Gravimetry
B) High-performance liquid chromatography
C) Spectrophotometry
D) Gas chromatography
E) Titrimetry
84. Which of the following is a C-glycoside)
A) Arbutin
B) Gypsoside
C) Gentiopikrin
D) Aloin
E) Hypericin
85. Which of the following factors does not influence the effectiveness of chromatographic
separations:
A) The polarity of the solvent
B) The humidity of the air
C) The shape of the developing chamber
D) The optical rotation of the solvent system
E) The grain size of the stationary phase
86. During steam distillation matricin breaks down. Which of the following steps is not involved in this process?
A) Opening of the lactone ring
B) The loss of water
C) Decarboxylation
D) Water addition
E) The loss of acetic acid
87. Which of the following drugs contains homopolysaccharide?
A) Cyamopsidis seminis pulvis
B) Acaciae gummi
C) Solani amylum
D) Agar
E) Althaeae folium et radix
88. Which of the following factors does not influence the effectiveness of extraction?
A) Temperature
B) The polarity of the solvent
C) The particle size of the grounded drug
D) The refractive index of the compounds to be extracted
E) The pH of the solvent
89. Which of the following volatile oils has a higher density than that of water?
A) Thymi aetheroleum
B) Caryophylli aetheroleum
C) Lavandulae aetheroleum
D) Anisi stellati aetheroleum
E) Juniperi aetheroleum
90. Which of the following is Calendulae flos?
A) A carminative
B) A cardiotonic
C) A roborant
D) An epithelogenic
E) A sedative
91. Which of the following is Silybi mariani fructus?
A) A cardiotonic
B) A roborant
C) A hepatoprotectant
D) A mild antidepressant
E) An astringent
92. Which of the following are active agents of Alchemillae?
A) Tannins (ellagic acid derivatives)
B) Alkaloids
C) Anthraquinones
D) Galaktomannans
E) Polysaccharides
93. Which of the following is the use of Alchemillae herba in medicine?
A) As laxative
B) For the treatment of eczema and skin inflammation
C) As spasmolytic
D) As hepatoprotectant
E) To increase bile production
94. Which of the following is the use of Calendulae flos in medicine?
A) To improve cognitive functions
B) As antiemetic during travel sickness
C) As spasmolytic
D) As secretolytic
E) For the treatment of skin and mucosal inflammation
95. Which of the following is the use of Zingiberis rhizoma in medicine?
A) To improve cognitive functions
B) As antiemetic during travel sickness
C) As spasmolytic
D) As secretolytic
E) For the treatment of skin and mucosal inflammation
96. Which of the following is the use of Hederae folium in medicine?
A) expectorant, secretolytic, spasmolytic
B) treatment of skin inflammation
C) cardiotonic
D) antiemec
E) epithelogenic
97. Which of the following compounds are responsible for the bitter taste of Lupuli flos?
A) Phloroglucine derivatives
B) Triterpene saponins
C) Polysaccharides
D) Pseudoalkaloids
E) Anthraquinones
98. Which of the following compounds of Hyperici herba has a photosensitizing effect?
A) Rutin
B) Hyperforin
C) Hyperoside
D) Hypericin
E) Quercitrin
99. Which of the following is the official name (specified by the European Pharmacopoeia) of the
drug of bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi)?
A) Folia uvae ursi
B) Uvae ursi folium
C) Folium arctostaphylos uva-ursi
D) Arctostaphylos folium
E) Uvae ursi folia
100.The volatile oil of ... is prepared by mechanical pressing (extrusion)?
A) Salvia officinalis
B) Thymus vulgaris
C) Quercus petraea
D) Citrus sinensis
E) Illicium verum
Answers:-
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51. D |
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52. C |
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53. D |
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54. D |
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55. A |
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56. A |
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57. B |
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58. A |
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59. D |
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60. E |
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61. B |
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62. A |
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63. E |
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64. C |
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65. D |
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66. B |
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67. B |
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68. A |
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69. C |
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70. C |
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71. C |
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72. B |
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73. C |
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74. D |
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75. B |
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76. C |
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77. E |
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78. E |
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79. D |
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80. B |
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81. E |
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82. B |
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83. C |
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84. D |
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85. D |
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86. D |
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87. C |
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88. D |
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89. B |
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90. D |
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91. C |
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92. A |
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93. B |
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94. E |
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95. B |
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96. A |
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97. A |
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98. D |
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99. B |
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100. D |
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